The Economic Effects of Unemployment Insurance in Canada

undeniable that the current state of the CanadianToday’s Effects on the Canadian Economy
economy is grim. Unemployment rates are atThe combination of reduced benefits and the greater
unprecedented highs and the labour market is at andependence on unemployment by the masses are
all time low. During times of economic uncertainty andculminating in an interesting end result. Since
general unease about the market, social programsunemployment is up across all regions, the effect is
experience particular scrutiny and pressure.greater economic fragmentation. We are seeing that
Canadian Unemployment Insurancesmaller and poorer communities continue to uphold
Unlike the United States, where federalmore traditional occupations and ways of life,
unemployment programs are run at the state level,arguably held up by strengthened support from
the Canadian unemployment system is exclusivelyfederal social programs. On the other hand, the
federal. The Canadian insurance policy is financedincreasing level of unemployment throughout more
directly by employers’ andaffluent regions has created a mad scramble for
employees’ contributions. Up until 1991,more modernized industrialization.
general federal revenues also supplemented theseEI’s New Pilot Programs
contributions. The program is highly regional in that itThe Canadian government realizes that adjustments
provides for greater support in terms of duration ofneed to be made to the overall system. In 2008, it
benefits and qualification periods to areas that sufferlaunched a series of unemployment insurance pilot
from higher unemployment.programs to test different methods. The Working
Traditionally, unemployment insurance programs inWhile on Claim project incentivizes the acceptance of
Canada were designed to serve as a broadall types of work while on EI benefits. The New
instrument of income supplementation that wouldEntrant/Re-entrant project is testing whether
sustain small communities and protect traditionalenabling new or newly returned members of the
occupations from forces of economic modernization.labour market to receive benefits quicker (along with
Those smaller communities with more traditionalproviding greater awareness about the program) can
lifestyles happen to also be within the regions thatreduce the individual’s future reliance on EI
see more support from the federal unemploymentbenefits. The Best of 14 Weeks project is testing a
system.method to make EI benefit levels more closely tied
Since the 1980’s, Canadian unemploymentto full-time work earnings for individuals with irregular
insurance programs have seen several differentwork patterns, (such as freelancers and seasonal
types of cuts, including duration of benefits,workers) and to convince workers to accept any
qualification periods, and amounts awarded. Theand all available work by formulating their EI benefits
government has withdrawn significant resources frombased on the "best 14 weeks" of earnings over the
these programs. These cutbacks have tended to hit52 weeks prior to filing their initial claim.
harder in more affluent regions, while areas withThese pilot programs inspire hope for improvement
higher unemployment still enjoy nearly the sameand more positive effects of the system on the
levels of unemployment support.greater Canadian economy.